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3 Phases of Self-Regulation

"Self-regulation is a cyclical process because during the process of self-evaluation and monitoring, the learner will make alterations to strategies, cognition and behaviors that will the alter learning and ultimately, the end-goal" (Hurst, 2016).  "The cycle then repeats as the student uses reflection to adjust and prepare for the next task. The process is not one-size-fits-all; it should be tailored for individual students and for specific learning tasks" (Zimmerman, (2002).

1. Forethought

  • Task analysis:  A pre-action phase that sets up the learner for action toward their goal.  

  • Self-motivation beliefs/ Self-efficacy

  • Outcome expectation

  • Goal setting/stratigic planning       

(Personalizing Lifelong Learning Plans, n.d.)

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​2. Performance​​

  • Self-observation/recording,  evaluating one's current performance levels compared to the goal level.

  • Self-control

  • 'Am I accomplishing as much as I thought I would?' Am I being distracted?' and 'What will motivate me to continue working?'

  • Task strategies

(Personalizing Lifelong Learning Plans, n.d.)

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3. Self-Reflection

  • During this stage, learners reflect on their performance.

  • Self-Judgment/Self-reaction

  • Adaptive or defensive reactions

  • Did they accomplish the goals they set out to do? Were there hurdles?                     (Hurst, 2016)

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